1 Letter from Perspective Berlin addressed to Berlin Senate, German federal states, and the German federal government. Cited in Caroline Wiedmer, The Claims of Memory: Representations of the Holocaust in Contemporary Germany and France, p. 143.
2 William Drozdiak, “Berlin rethinks memorial plan; Holocaust center proposed instead of monumental park,” The Washington Post, 15 December 1998.
3 Jane Kramer, The Politics of Memory, p. 261.
4 Discussed in Wiedmer, p. 142.
5 Kramer, p. 261-262.
6 Cited in Wiedmer, p. 144.
7 Wiedmer, p. 145.
8 Quoted in Gregory Katz, “Holocaust Memorial planned for Berlin but many are cool to idea,” Times-Picayune, New Orleans, LA, 23 February 1995.
9 Associated Press, “Berlin to memorialize Nazis’ Jewish victims,” Boston Globe, 15 July 1992.
10 Ibid.
11 Quoted in Kramer, p. 265.
12 Richard Koselleck, “Denkmäler sind Stolpersteine,” Der Spiegel 6 (1997), p. 190.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Rafael Seligmann, “Genug bemitleidet,” Der Spiegel 3 (1995), p. 163.
16 Katharina Kaiser, “Ortlosigkeit als Metapher – Das Denkmalkonzept-eingeschrieben-als Widerspruch,” interview conducted by Peter Funken, in Der Wettbewerb für das Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas: Eine Streitschrift, p. 129. Cited in Wiedmer, p. 160-161.
17 Katz, see endnote 8.
18 Discussed in Wiedmer, p. 149-150.
19 Ideas taken from the competition papers for the first contest, cited in Wiedmer, p. 150.
20 Wiedmer, p. 150.
21 Henryk M. Broder, “Deutschmeister des Trauens,” Der Spiegel 16 (1995), p. 222-224.
22 San Francisco Chronicle, “Kohl doesn’t like design of Holocaust memorial,” 1 July 1995.
23 Rick Atkinson, “Germans choose Holocaust memorial; Winning design for Berlin site to list names of Jewish Nazi victims,” The Washington Post, 29 June 1995.
24 Ruth Walker, “A Holocaust memorial in Berlin seems stuck on drawing board,” Christian Science Monitor, 13 June 1997.
25 Ibid.
26 Reuters, “New row over Berlin Holocaust memorial,” Jerusalem Post, 12 January 1997.
27 Walker, see endnote 24.
28 Ibid.
29 Boston Globe, “Holocaust shrine delayed; Berlin tribute slowed by Kohl’s demand for new design,” 25 April 1996.
30 Discussed in Wiedmer, p. 159.
31 Wiedmer, p. 160.
32 Wiedmer, p. 161.
33 The Economist, “Remembrance and repentance,” 7 March 1998, p. 90.
34 Alan Cowell, “Intellectuals criticize plan for Holocaust memorial,” The Oregonian (Portland, OR), 5 February 1998.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Andrew Gimson, “Germany may drop plan for Holocaust memorial in Berlin,” The Daily Telegraph (London), 23 March 1998.
38 Reuters, “Berlin mayor questions Holocaust memorial,” Jerusalem Post, 30 March 1998.
39 Mary Williams Walsh, “Germans finding fault with Holocaust memorial designs,” The Los Angeles Times, 13 March 1998.
40 Gimson, see endnote 37.
41 Erik Kirschbaum, “Berlin divided over Holocaust memorial,” Jerusalem Post, 28 August 1998.
42 Gimson, see endnote 37.
43 Kirschbaum, see endnote 41.
44 Gimson, see endnote 37.
45 Drozdiak, see endnote 2.
46 William Drozdiak, “Fitting homage or empty gesture? Holocaust project becomes issue in German election,” The Washington Post, 22 July 1998.
47 Andrew Gimson, “Holocaust memorial row,” The Daily Telegraph (London), 23 July 1998.
48 Drozdiak, see endnote 46.
49 Gimson, see endnote 47.
50 Die Zeit, “Eine offene Republik,” 10 December 1998.
51 Drozdiak, see endnote 2.
52 Die Zeit, “Namen oder Steine?: Umfrage zum Holocaust-Mahnmal und dem Vorschlag, den Potsdamer Platz umzubenennen,” 12 March 1998.
53 Ibid.
54 Paul Geitner, “Wiesenthal against Holocaust shrine; says proposed German memorial inappropriate,” Jerusalem Post, 27 December 1998.
55 Roger Cohen, “Schroder backs design for a vast Berlin Holocaust memorial,” The New York Times, 18 January 1999.
56 Henryk Broder, “Endsieg des Absurden,” Der Spiegel 4 (1999).
57 Ibid.
58 Hanno Rauterberg, “Baut den Stelenwald!: Das Mahnmal im Bundestag,” Die Zeit, 24 June 1999.
59 Roger Cohen, “Berlin Holocaust memorial approved,” The New York Times, 26 June 1999.
60 Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas,
Das
Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas, October 2000.
The Foundation for the Memorial for the Murdered Jews
of Europe will be responsible for the maintenance of the memorial after
the conclusion of construction. The Foundation’s board of trustees has
twenty-three members. All parties of the German Bundestag, the federal
government, the state of Berlin, the Sponsor Circle, the Central Council
of Jews in Germany, the Jewish community of Berlin, the Foundation for
the Topography of Terror, and the Working Community of Concentration Camp
Remembrance Sites in Germany have representatives on this board. The board
has elected a three-person management committee that includes Wolfgang
Thierse, Speaker of the German parliament, Michael Naumann, and Christoph
Stölzl, the Senator for Sciences, Research, and Culture of the state
of Berlin. This committee in turn maintains a branch office that coordinates
the work on the memorial and provides scholarly assistance. An advisory
board appointed by the trustees consists of members from Holocaust survivor
groups, historical research institutions, museums, sites of remembrance,
and youth initiatives. The future work of this advisory board will be to
include the other groups of victims in the work of the foundation and to
keep alive the remembrance of the discrimination, persecution, eviction,
and extermination of human beings in the public conscience.
61 Associated Press, “Shoah memorial in Berlin a slow process,” Jerusalem Post, 10 July 2000.
62 Ibid.
63 Ibid.
64 James E. Young, The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning, p. 5.
65 Ibid.
66 Michael Lind, “The rise of misguided memorials,” The New Leader, v. 81 no. 10, 7-21 September 1998.
67 Ibid.
68 Wiedmer, p. 142.
69 Kramer, p. 261.
70 Brian Ladd, The Ghosts of Berlin: Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape, p. 217-224.
71 The Economist, “Still with us,” 15 August 1998.
72 Andrei S. Markovits, “Jews and the Transition to a Post-Yalta Order: Germany, Austria, Eastern Europe, and the United States,” in Jews, Germans, Memory, Y. Michal Bodemann, ed., p. 248.
73 Kramer, p. xv-xvi.
74 Ladd, p. 1.
75 Dan Diner, “Germany, the Jews, and Europe: History and Memory and the Recent Upheaval,” in Jews, Germans, Memory, p. 267-270.
76 Quoted in Denis Staunton, “Germans no longer ready to apologise,” Irish Times (Dublin), 1 December 1998.
77 Peter Ford, “’Monumental’ divide on Holocaust in
Germany,” Christian Science Monitor, 28 January 2000.